跳到主要內容

茶的歷史變遷

【香港商報網訊】中國幾千年飲茶史,底蘊深厚,茶歷經藥用→食用→飲用的演變過程。
  ●上古時代「神農嚐百草,日遇七十二毒,得荼而解之。」到東漢末年和三國時期,茶葉已作為飲料飲用。
  ●漢代沒有太多史料記載,但公元前59年,王褒在《僮約》中有:「武陽買茶,楊氏擔荷」「烹茶淨具,已而蓋藏」,反映了當時煮茶、買茶的情景。
  ●三國張揖《廣雅》說:當時飲茶方法是「煮」,是將「采葉作餅」的餅茶,烤炙之後搗成粉末,摻和蔥、薑、橘子等調料,再放到鍋里烹煮。煮出的茶成粥狀,飲時連佐料一起喝下。明確指出茶葉是作為醒酒的飲料飲用的。這種方法一直延續到唐代。
  ●唐代唐朝人喝茶全是煮:先用茶碾子把茶磚碾碎,碾成粉面狀的茶末,再用茶羅把茶末過濾一下,把茶末投放到滾水里,像煮餃子一樣煮上三滾,最後喝那一鍋茶湯。唐朝,上流社會鄙視拒絕瓷器,喝茶用銅碗、銀碗或者金碗,甚至用鐵碗。
  ●宋代宋朝人喝茶,比唐朝有所改進,他們用小勺把茶末分到幾個碗里,沖入滾水,一邊沖一邊快速攪動,讓茶末跟滾水充分混合,這叫「點茶」。點好 的茶湯上面還會泛出一層乳白色的泡沫,好像卡布奇諾咖啡。宋代是極其講究茶道的時代,上起皇帝,下至士大夫,流行一種「斗茶」的生活情趣,斗茶包括:斗茶 品、行茶令、茶百戲。宋人認為金屬茶碗有腥味兒,影響茶湯的口感和成色,只有瓷碗才是壓倒一切的理想茶具。斗茶喜用白茶,為黑白分明,宋人愛用建窯小黑 碗,胎厚、古樸,看似笨重,但耐高溫,導熱慢,適合點茶。「盞以青綠為貴,兔毫為上」斗茶和質樸的茶具令宋代茶文化上升到了「形而上」的層面。
  ●元代元代喝茶風尚不是很濃,基本沿襲宋代的舊俗,對喝酒倒是十分熱衷。
  ●明代茶事發展到明代則達到了一個高峰。煮茶保留了藥用的遺風,但損害了茶的本色清香,明代開始采用嫩葉沖泡的方式。據說到洪武二十四年 (1391)九月,朱元璋認為龍團茶做法是浪費百姓的勞力,下令停止龍團制作,直接進獻芽茶,史稱「罷團興散」。由此看來,洪武二十年是中國飲茶史的一個 轉捩點,意義重大。
  ●清代清代茶反而退回到初始的功用層面上。掀開蓋得見顏色,還要講究個釅。這就像現在還有很多北京人喜歡以茶解酒,茶不釅當然影響「功效」了。 到了清代,工夫茶泡法普遍流行,清代俞蛟《夢廠雜著狺工夫茶》指出:「工夫茶,烹治之法,本諸陸羽《茶經》,而器具更為精緻」。俞說可謂一語中的。潮州工 夫茶藝程序最具代表性,一直沿用至今。
[責任編輯:蔣璐]

留言

這個網誌中的熱門文章

CMOS sensor trends and astrophotography, from amateur astronomers perspective

Nowadays, even in low light conditions, digital camera can quality pictures with higher ISO, noise and hot pixels have been gradually reduced. Sony has introduced back illumination process for consumer market. Sony BSI sensors evolved  from Exmor to now Exmor RS( stacked) technology. This stacked technology allows further chip size reduction, which has strong demands in smartphone camera market. Digital astrophotography is also benefited from such advances, utilising Back Side Illumination technology Exmor: Within the CMOS sensor, it outputs low-noise digital signals by "on-chip column AD conversion" and "dual noise reduction" to suppress noise in the first half of the process In low light conditions, when a wide aperture is desirable to collect as much light as possible. At apertures wider than f/2.0, back-illuminated Exmor R sensors are significantly more efficient at collecting light than conventional, front-illuminated sensor...

ultrafast rendezvous to ISS

    14 Oct 2020,  being the first to use a new “ultrafast” rendezvous” scheme with the ISS. Following a flawless ascent to the correct orbit, Soyuz 2 .1a , Soyuz MS-17 caught up with the orbiting laboratory in only two orbits (three hours), halving the time it takes for crew to get to the Station.   The three space travelers of the Soyuz MS-17 mission launched on a six-month mission the International Space Station.  previous 3/4 orbit rendezvous: Soyuz MS-16 4 orbit rendezvous A three-orbit profile was deemed possible without major flight design changes after inauguration of the Soyuz 2-1A rocket that provides a much higher orbit injection accuracy than its predecessors and would allow the two correction maneuvers on Orbit #2 to be eliminated while the Automated Rendezvous Phase would still remain untouched. The deletion of the Orbit #2 maneuvers was expected to slightly tighten the already restrictive phase angle window from and upper limit of 30-35° to 25-28°...

Scythians 斯泰基 塞種 西古提人

900 BC - 200 AD British museum   Tomb of scythe prince, Buktarma valley, 1200 masl, Google map Herodotus   絲路上的帝國 Biblegeography   哥羅西書 3:11  在此並不分希利尼人、猶太人、受割禮的、未受割禮的、化外人、 西古提人 、為奴的、自主的.惟有基督是包括一切、又住在各人之內。 塞種 塞迦  saka 史記漢書 西域傳: 塞種  ctext 昔匈奴破大月氏,大月氏西君大夏,而塞王南君罽賓。塞種分散,往往為數國。自疏勒以西北,休循、捐毒之屬,皆故 塞種 也。 匈奴列傳 Ctext :塞王 《史記》在《大宛列傳》與《匈奴列傳》中, 詳細 記錄了中亞至天山一帶的塞種(塞王、塞地)狀況。例如,文中記載了月氏西破走塞王,導致塞人南遷越過懸度(今帕米爾高原及克什米爾一帶) Baike Genetic history   Genetics  Nih griffin  ? Scytho-Siberian  world 塞迦 saka  wiki Disappeared? Sarmatians ( 薩爾馬泰 , 奄蔡 史記 ,  Aorsi )and goths YouTube