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Cold brew may be the hottest trend in coffee-making, but not a lot is known about how this process alters the drink’s chemical characteristics. Scientists now report that the content of potentially health-promoting antioxidants in coffee brewed without heat can significantly differ from a cup of joe prepared with the same beans in the traditional way, particularly for dark roasts. long version: Brew ratio: 1:8 to 1:5 Time: 24 hours Grind: coarse Starbucks way: As the rate of oxidation in cold brew coffee is much slower, and sugars take longer, so when you pick up your cup of cold brew coffee, you’ll have a lot more residual sugar in ratio to the acid, which results in sugar as the forefront of the flavor. ?? Whereas the hot cup of coffee is going to have both the balance of that sugar and acidity, same process but different oxidation rate. So there’s another taste at last. In coldbrew Factory from pall pre-cautions to reduce Clostridium botulinum contamination risk during process is

  termed as rectiflector. antique Designed for use both as a fixed gunsight for fighters and flexible gunnery gunsight for hand-held guns and turrets(a), the N-8 “Retiflector “(b) gunsight design departed from other AAF sights in that it employed a reflecting instead of a refracting collimator and used a Mangin mirror instead of a conventional lens.© Light from the lamp, mounted in a removable holder at the bottom of the sight, pass through a reticle fixed directly above it, then through the reflector plate to the Mangin collimating mirror at the top of the sight. After collimation, the light returns to the reflector plate from which it is reflected to the gunner’s eye." United States Patent 5901452

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 中天新聞 測試 Baidu 即溶咖啡 instant coffee 咖啡在多次高溫的操作環境中，香氣已基本散失，多數廠商在粹取、濃縮或乾燥過程中加入 香精 以彌補散失的香氣。（依不同廠家而算，有些公司是其中的一步、有些是多步都加香精）。  José vanilla nut

    besides the 3D rotating drum, This heater box is the core technology of the coffee roaster, some info on the heater : part no: Genecafe 230v Heater Box CRA97-003A Genecafe 230v Heater Box CRA97-004A ( Australia ) Genecafe 240v Heater Box CRA97-004A     For roasters manufactured 2016 and earlier. The lead wiring is approximately 16" in length. For roasters manufactured after 2016. The lead wiring is approximately 6" in length.   A01~A06:    the mica shell is only 1mm thin, and easy to break. this is reason why gene is selling the whole box as an item. the aluminium case has many inner curve surfaces, with radius of 5 mm or more. buy the mica sheets are rectangular and meant to bend to the inner curved surfaces.  there is quite a lot of unusable spaces inside. nichrome  wire   for 110V version:  given 1200W ~0.8mm diameter(meas), 110*110/(2.87 ohm/m) gives 10.08 ohm and 3800mm long 4200mm ( by rough measure) est resistance is ~ 2.47 to 2.72 ohm / m very likely to be 0Ni25C

  the metal pipe is 6 mm OD  the upper part of steam wand, the steam hole is ~ 1mm  there are 4 slits, at top of outer sleeve.  these help to froth milk, ie fluffy foam, eg in cappuccino. the bottom view of steam wand output. one central hole( steam) and 4 side holes ( sucked in cold air) when you open steam valve, air is sucked in via these 4 slits into milk, making extra air bubbles. but these air bubbles are not heated up, and do not warm up the milk. such air just helps to make fluffy foam. so if you want to make shiny silky microfoam, some other ways have to be used. remove the outer sleeve. and use upper part ( 1mm hole) for foaming. but it is very short, and not suitable for some milk jug or small milk volume - block the  slits. can try to block all slits or just some slits) - change use other 3rd party steam wand. eg rancilio steam wand. cost 20 to 30 USD ( 3 steam holes) - change to Tidaka bullet steam wand. ~ 40 USD - WLL professional steam wand kit - steam wand with extra h

  the left one and middle one is user adjustable Adjustable OPV: Gaggia   Classic & Baby do have  , Espresso, Carezza, Evolution, Coffee, etc, don't) how to build a portafilter pressure gauge Greencoffeebuyingclub coffeetime  

  also known as panch phoron. The five spices from East India and Bengal ingredients: fenugreek seeds 葫蘆巴 black mustard 黑芥 cumin 孜然 fennel 茴香花 black cumin  茴香 In Bengali language ‘panch’ means five and ‘phoron’ means tempering. so the five aromatic spices are fried in oil till they splutter or pop. This technique of tempering spices in oil is also known as tadka or chaunk or vaghar in hindi language. The frying of these spices releases strong aroma and flavors in the oil. not spicy or hot, ambundance in fragrance( mint, fenugreek like)

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         baby Gaggia or Gaggia classic that has 3 way solenoid valve:   when brew button is pressed, the solenoid valve is energized, and water flows from boiler to group head and then to filter basket. when you switch off the brew button, this solenoid valve immediately stops the extraction process, and stop water flow to the filter basket. The benefits are the following: No over-extracted coffee continues to come out in drips spoiling your shot or the shiny metal cup stand (in case you are quick enough to remove the cup as soon as brewing ends). The coffee puck is relatively dry, not wet, and can be easily knocked out of the portafilter. If your machine is thermoblock type heater, this solenoid valve keeps the thermoblock clean because the back-pressure pushes coffee into the drainage, not back to the heating element.

 wiring diagram: machine powered on, boiler heating up: water heated up( at 105 C) , brew switch ON:     steam switch ON: brew thermostat is by-passed. boiler continues to heat up when boiler is below 145 degrees C, and steam thermostat is still closed. When boiler temperature reaches 145 degrees C, steam thermostat is open, and boiler stop heating both brew and steam button ON: this is a single boiler machine, and is not supposed to brew and steam at the same time. Anyways, 3 way solenoid valve is switched off, but pump is still running, no water comes out from group head, no water coming out to drip tray. the water is flowing from OPV back to water reservoir instead physics of a coffee maker

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          first time use fill water reservoir to max do not mount the portafilter power on. The temperature ready light should be ON ( means heating up ) to fill up the boiler, press "brew" or pump button until some water flowed out of group head wait until the temperature ready light light is off ( meaning water has heated up and  ready for brew ) push the brew button, the water should be very hot. push again to switch it off push the steam button to start heating water to product steam when the heater lamp is off, open the steam valve to check for steam.  What to do if no water comes out when brew button is pressed: There may be an air lock in the machine. In order to fix that, open the steam valve. Press the brew ( and optionally the steam) button, water should be pumped in and released from steam wand.  Shut the machine off if water does not appear after 1 minute. Wait 10 minutes. Repeat. Check for leaks (water under machine). You may need the help of a rubber pump to man

  before the Lithium battery can be used, cell ageing must be done, which takes 10 to 12 days