Popular science (2016) Metasurfaces are one kind of such diffractive optical elements with flat subwavelength implementations, which consist of quasiperiodic arrays of light resonators (also called as meta-atoms) Medium (2021) Metalenz KAIST (2022) MIT (2021) ACS (2019) PENN U (2023) using DUV photolithoraphy 光刻蝕 City U (2022) Polyu (2020) LG (2022) Phonearena (2022) Laserfocusworld (2021) Photonix (2020) Nature (2020) Hybrid achromatic (2020) Harvard U , various applications Meta-Shack Hartmann Fish Eye To solve: Focusing efficiency ( now ~80%) How to make a bigger lens( now it's a 80 mm dia) How to lower manufacturing cost 25 Oct 2023: Canon Expo 2023 Petapixel Most promising application this moment: Microscope objective Smartphone Semiconductor 7/2023 郭明錤認為，預期 2024 年款 iPad Pro 的 Face ID 會優先採用超透鏡技術，主要是超透鏡 MetaLens 相較於塑膠鏡頭更具備成低本和高度低兩大優勢，能夠在短期內取代 Face ID Rx 或 ...