Most commonly, starches are broken down to maltose (two glucose
molecules formed by a condensation reaction) and are easily absorbed by
the bloodstream.
A lot of other factors balance into this, ie pH, lipid solubility, and molecular weight. Generally, if a substance is easily dissolved in saliva, it can be administered buccally or sublingually because the only remaining step is the diffusion into the subepithelial capillaries. In regards to speed, anything properly absorbed via buccal or sublingual administration goes to work much faster than a standard oral medication, and with a higher availability in the bloodstream. You are taking first pass metabolism and enzyme breakdown in the stomach out of the equation by diffusing the drug directly into the bloodstream.
There is quite a laundry list of medications that can be administered transbucally or sublingually, just a few of these: Nitroglycerin Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Glucose gel (as you mentioned) Fentanyl (a narcotic painkiller) buprenorphine (for opioid dependency) Benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam)
it is also good for absorption of eleophilic substances, eg, Glutathione GSH
Improved nutritional kinetics and dynamics,
such as decreased enzyme degradation, prevention of hepatic metabolism
to inactive byproducts, reduced renal clearance, and fewer adverse
reactions
Site-specific actions that minimize loss of biological activity and expand therapeutic potential
Unique molecular “stealth technology,” cloaking from the Mononuclear
Phagocytic System and enzymatic destruction, thus prolonging and
increasing the beneficial effects
Reduced adverse effects — decreased allergic reactions, side effects, and potential liver toxicity
Improved cost-effectiveness on a per-unit amount
Precision metering in small, incremental amounts
U of Alberta
life extension
A lot of other factors balance into this, ie pH, lipid solubility, and molecular weight. Generally, if a substance is easily dissolved in saliva, it can be administered buccally or sublingually because the only remaining step is the diffusion into the subepithelial capillaries. In regards to speed, anything properly absorbed via buccal or sublingual administration goes to work much faster than a standard oral medication, and with a higher availability in the bloodstream. You are taking first pass metabolism and enzyme breakdown in the stomach out of the equation by diffusing the drug directly into the bloodstream.
There is quite a laundry list of medications that can be administered transbucally or sublingually, just a few of these: Nitroglycerin Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Glucose gel (as you mentioned) Fentanyl (a narcotic painkiller) buprenorphine (for opioid dependency) Benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam)
it is also good for absorption of eleophilic substances, eg, Glutathione GSH
U of Alberta
life extension
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