新修五星法及圖說

Preface:

1640年，日本政府成立了宗教裁判所處理基督教問題，要根除基督徒...日本教會幾乎被趕盡殺絕，但仍有小部份人存活了下來。

日本受西方的影響，特別是荷蘭，比中國還早期。翻譯工作亦較中國早。

The first observatory was situated in the castle of Tokugawa 江戶 in Edo period 伊豆時代(1725). 中根元圭 Nakane Genki was the first director. Tokugawa Yoshimune

氣海觀瀾廣義

相信是 Jérôme Lalande - Abrégé d'astronomie" 的荷蘭語版 "Astronomia of Sterrekunde" (1773-1780)

的日本譯本

新修五星法及圖說（高橋至時）（寬政九年1797）：

...金水圈甚小，不惟不能包日天，併不能包地，故不能衝日

很可能是“衝”第一次以Kanji漢字出現。

估計李善蘭曾讀過此書，同樣把opposition 譯成為“衝”，在“談天”（1859）中出現。

真貝壽明的“麻田剛立開卜勒惑星運動第三法則”也有講及西方天文學對日本的滲透。

Conjunction, opposition, greatest elongation 的概念,自從 Copernicus 的 De revolutionibus orbium coelestium日心說之後，很多天文學家亦有舉例談及，如 PS Laplace 的 Mecanique Celeste

Why so late?

Political action to limit foreign communication

Language barrier

Difficulty to comprehend the ideology and science

Confucianism, or 易經思想，“易有太極，是生兩儀，兩儀生四象...” 解釋萬物，四季物侯？

Reference:

Jérôme Lalande - Abrégé d'astronomie 跟 J Herschel Outlines of Astronomy 是 Copernican , Keplerian 時代的天文書籍, 有很多相同內容

Orientation of science in Japan

中根元圭 Nakane Genkei

Brill

Taito city in late Edo period

Rekishō Shinsho 暦象新書

YouTube

HKAS 衝，沖，冲多年討論：

從做字

天文名詞錯誤寫法

掩星組Facebook

日心論的供獻，影響等，又何止這些特別天文現象用詞，重點是勿錯過這些最佳觀測時機。

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