Hops 蛇麻

Hops are the female flowers of the plant known as humulus lupulus（大麻科葎草屬）

Hops are used as a means of flavoring beer, as well playing a role in preserving the beverage. Hops offset the sweetness of malt to create a complex flavor profile that beer lovers crave. Depending on how much and what type of hops are used will determine how bitter a beer may be.

There are typically two kinds of hops used in brewing. Aroma hops(香花） feature a lower alpha acid percentage, which helps bolster the aroma of a beer. These are most commonly used as a means of finishing or conditioning a brew. Conversely, bitter hops（苦花） feature a higher acid percentage. These are useful when beer is going through the boiling process.

Common 25 types

Bittering hops:

Spalt, Saaz, Hallertau, or Tettnang. Also Willamette

Citra hop

Mcu tw

生長條件需在14～25℃、長日照和排水良好的環境

Agriharvest

Hops that built craft beer documentary 

Hops substitute:

Hopslist 

Grainfather 

Schoolhousebeer

Hop calculator 

Roughly 3 oz total for 20L wort

When to add hop in brewing. Schedule 

Rough guide, eg, for 60 min boil:

Bittering hops: at the start of the boil

Flavoring hops:  40 min after boil start , ie 20 min remaining with the boil

Aroma hops: after boiling for53~54 min after boil start, ie 6~7 min remaining with the boil