2023年二十四節氣時間

资料整理：高良超、杨旸，历表：VSOP87
时刻系东经120度平太阳时（北京时间）
本年力学时与世界时之差ΔT取70.0秒

地球轨道位置

地球通过轨道近日点 2023/1/5 00:17 距离0.983296AU
地球通过轨道远日点 2023/7/7 04:07 距离1.016681AU

二十四节气（地心视象）

2023/01/05 23:04:49 小寒（节）太阳视黄经285° 太阳视赤纬-22°36′
2023/01/20 16:29:32 大寒（中）太阳视黄经300° 太阳视赤纬-20°09′
2023/02/04 10:42:31 立春（节）太阳视黄经315° 太阳视赤纬-16°21′
2023/02/19 06:34:17 雨水（中）太阳视黄经330° 太阳视赤纬-11°29′
2023/03/06 04:36:12 惊蛰（节）太阳视黄经345° 太阳视赤纬-5°54′
2023/03/21 05:24:25 春分（中）太阳视黄经0° 太阳视赤纬0° 太阳过天赤道，进入北半球
2023/04/05 09:13:02 清明（节）太阳视黄经15° 太阳视赤纬+5°54′
2023/04/20 16:13:36 谷雨（中）太阳视黄经30° 太阳视赤纬+11°29′
2023/05/06 02:18:44 立夏（节）太阳视黄经45° 太阳视赤纬+16°21′
2023/05/21 15:09:09 小满（中）太阳视黄经60° 太阳视赤纬+20°09′
2023/06/06 06:18:19 芒种（节）太阳视黄经75° 太阳视赤纬+22°36′
2023/06/21 22:57:48 夏至（中）太阳视黄经90° 太阳视赤纬最北+23°26′
2023/07/07 16:30:40 小暑（节）太阳视黄经105° 太阳视赤纬+22°36′
2023/07/23 09:50:26 大暑（中）太阳视黄经120° 太阳视赤纬+20°09′
2023/08/08 02:22:51 立秋（节）太阳视黄经135° 太阳视赤纬+16°21′
2023/08/23 17:01:17 处暑（中）太阳视黄经150° 太阳视赤纬+11°28′
2023/09/08 05:26:40 白露（节）太阳视黄经165° 太阳视赤纬+5°55′
2023/09/23 14:49:57 秋分（中）太阳视黄经180° 太阳视赤纬0° 太阳过天赤道，进入南半球
2023/10/08 21:15:33 寒露（节）太阳视黄经195° 太阳视赤纬-5°55′
2023/10/24 00:20:50 霜降（中）太阳视黄经210° 太阳视赤纬-11°29′
2023/11/08 00:35:34 立冬（节）太阳视黄经225° 太阳视赤纬-16°20′
2023/11/22 22:02:40 小雪（中）太阳视黄经240° 太阳视赤纬-20°08′
2023/12/07 17:32:55 大雪（节）太阳视黄经255° 太阳视赤纬-22°35′
2023/12/22 11:27:20 冬至（中）太阳视黄经270° 太阳视赤纬最南-23°26′

节气时刻表示地球绕太阳运行时在轨道上的不同位置。从地球上看，太阳在黄道上运动，一回归年运行一周。太阳在黄道上的位置用地心视黄经（apparent geocentric ecliptic longitude）度量，从春分点（黄道与赤道的焦点）算起，从0°到360°。

紫金山天文台

作为我国权威的天文测算部门，紫金山天文台负责实施我国的日历编算和发布，每年编算次一年的农历日历，其中包括朔望和节气时刻，时间均精确到分钟，作为标准在每年出版的《中国天文年历》中正式发表，并以《日历资料》的形式对外发布。

skyfield almanac solar terms

Skyfield positions,

Barycentric → Astrometric → Apparent

If using JPL Horizons web , choose

Ephemeris Type: Observer Table

Target Body: Sun[Sol]

Observer location: Geocentric (Code 500)

Table settings select also 31. "Observer Ecliptic lon. and lat." , ie ObsEcLon,

Reference Frame: ICRF

Kumkee github

CMOS sensor trends and astrophotography, from amateur astronomers perspective

Nowadays, even in low light conditions, digital camera can quality pictures with higher ISO, noise and hot pixels have been gradually reduced. Sony has introduced back illumination process for consumer market. Sony BSI sensors evolved from Exmor to now Exmor RS( stacked) technology. This stacked technology allows further chip size reduction, which has strong demands in smartphone camera market. Digital astrophotography is also benefited from such advances, utilising Back Side Illumination technology Exmor: Within the CMOS sensor, it outputs low-noise digital signals by "on-chip column AD conversion" and "dual noise reduction" to suppress noise in the first half of the process In low light conditions, when a wide aperture is desirable to collect as much light as possible. At apertures wider than f/2.0, back-illuminated Exmor R sensors are significantly more efficient at collecting light than conventional, front-illuminated sensor...

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ultrafast rendezvous to ISS

14 Oct 2020, being the first to use a new “ultrafast” rendezvous” scheme with the ISS. Following a flawless ascent to the correct orbit, Soyuz 2 .1a , Soyuz MS-17 caught up with the orbiting laboratory in only two orbits (three hours), halving the time it takes for crew to get to the Station. The three space travelers of the Soyuz MS-17 mission launched on a six-month mission the International Space Station. previous 3/4 orbit rendezvous: Soyuz MS-16 4 orbit rendezvous A three-orbit profile was deemed possible without major flight design changes after inauguration of the Soyuz 2-1A rocket that provides a much higher orbit injection accuracy than its predecessors and would allow the two correction maneuvers on Orbit #2 to be eliminated while the Automated Rendezvous Phase would still remain untouched. The deletion of the Orbit #2 maneuvers was expected to slightly tighten the already restrictive phase angle window from and upper limit of 30-35° to 25-28°...

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Scythians 斯泰基塞種西古提人

900 BC - 200 AD British museum Tomb of scythe prince, Buktarma valley, 1200 masl, Google map Herodotus 絲路上的帝國 Biblegeography 哥羅西書 3：11 在此並不分希利尼人、猶太人、受割禮的、未受割禮的、化外人、西古提人、為奴的、自主的．惟有基督是包括一切、又住在各人之內。塞種塞迦 saka 史記漢書西域傳：塞種 ctext 昔匈奴破大月氏，大月氏西君大夏，而塞王南君罽賓。塞種分散，往往為數國。自疏勒以西北，休循、捐毒之屬，皆故塞種也。匈奴列傳 Ctext ：塞王《史記》在《大宛列傳》與《匈奴列傳》中，詳細記錄了中亞至天山一帶的塞種（塞王、塞地）狀況。例如，文中記載了月氏西破走塞王，導致塞人南遷越過懸度（今帕米爾高原及克什米爾一帶） Baike Genetic history Genetics Nih griffin ? Scytho-Siberian world 塞迦 saka wiki Disappeared? Sarmatians （薩爾馬泰，奄蔡史記 , Aorsi ）and goths YouTube

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