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Arimaspians, one-eyed people, 一目國

One-eyed tribe Arimaspians:

There is also a story related in a poem by Aristeas son of Caüstrobius, a man of Proconnesus. This Aristeas, possessed by Phoebus, visited the Issedones; beyond these (he said) live the one-eyed Arimaspians, beyond whom are the griffins that guard gold, and beyond these again the Hyperboreans, whose territory reaches to the sea.

Issedones as in Ancient Greek world map (top right corner)


 

The Histories book 4 13,

from Chicago U book 4 27

...call these people by the Scythian name, Arimaspians; for in the Scythian tongue arima is one, and spou is the eye.

Tuva Kurgans:

7:00 Herodotus

11:00 山海經 

12:00 Tuva 圖瓦
13:46  Arzhan kurgan 墓
14:00  國王谷 一號墓, 鹿石
16:00 二號墓
31:00 三道海子
33:00 最大的石構遺址

46:00 文化軟實力
鹿, 雪豹, 野豬

48:00 控制板圖
東: 赤峰 西: 哈薩克
49:00 九世紀BC 氣候變化
50:00 牧羊
56:00  夏天祭祀文化
戎,氏, 嚴允, 戎狄, 大月, 匈奴, 柔然,鮮卑,突
57:00 每個朝代都有一個提心吊膽的游牧民族
1:01 阿爾泰: 黃金貿易
1:07 巴澤雷克文化 pazyryk culture
1:13 塞人, 大月氏
1:15 經濟貿易交通絲綢之路
1:18 總結: 農耕游牧南北經濟的二元博弈,交流
 

现在学术界有一个观点比较合理,那就是:伊塞顿人对斯基泰人讲过独目人与格里芬人的争夺黄金的故事,斯基泰语把独目人拼写为这个词(arimaspu),其中前半部(arima)代表“一”,而后半部(spu)是“眼睛”的意思。希腊人对独目人的了解是听斯基泰人讲的,于是这个词让希腊人对一个一只眼的民族的存在信以为真。由此可以证实,阿利斯铁阿斯的游记并不一定是他的亲身经历,因为如果他真的见过独目人,他就该知道独目人不是一只眼,那其实是一个塞语名子,前半部是塞语“孤独的”,后半部也是塞语,是“守望者”的意思。独目人本身只是塞语“孤独的守望者”和斯基泰语“一目人”这一语言差异造成的误会!

塞人: 塞克( Jersak)氏, Scythian 

Kaogu 


M. Grjaznov 

Frozen tombs of Altai Mountains 

Der gross-kurgan von Arzan in Tuva, Südsiberen (Munich, 1984), 

K. Cugunar, Der skythenzeitliche fürstenkurgan Ar han 2 in Tuva (Mainz, 2010). 

The Cimmerians on the Pontic steppe

5000 years of migration from pontic steppe

Xiongnu 

大月氏

Dzungarian gate  阿拉山口

烏孫

Tannu Uriankhai  唐努烏梁海 ( 清朝)

xinhuanet 

cntv 

unesco-hist 三十六國 對照

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Scythians 斯泰基 塞種 西古提人

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