跳到主要內容

silk road

 



Sogdian： 蘇特 / 粟特 iranian speaking. 


Unesco online forum series:

Black death:


Factsanddetails

FB：

"This city was built by the son of the (leader) of the people of Chach (Tashkent), Spadhni by name. He went here then was killed. & the people's representative ?, & the people's representative of the nomads (Alans?), & the lord of Samarkand,..."

Located in southern Kazakhstan, the Kangju (康居）site at Arys has been a focal point of archaeological investigations. 

Kangju wiki

《魏書·西域傳》

Chach :「者舌」或「柘折」，石國國都，指今塔什干

漢朝出使西域使節，從張騫副使直到（東漢）班超副使甘英，從大宛前進到條支（塞琉古 Seleucid Empire）花了一百多年開拓時間（公元前114—97年）。但東漢除使節外商人還不可能進到波斯灣，因安息國家極力壟斷絲綢西運，不允許中國商人直接將絲綢運到地中海諸國。當時只有中國才能生產的絲綢名聲在外，很受地中海沿岸國的歡迎。但這些寶貴商品，長期以來只靠游牧民族馱在馬背上通過北部草原商路，輾轉販運，量少價高，成為極昂貴商品。由於經過數不清的轉手仲介，蔥嶺以西的中亞、西亞，尤其是地中海諸國對生產絲綢的中國形成神秘的印象，長期分不清楚到底甚麼地方是真正的產地或轉運之地。對「中國」的稱呼游移不定（支那、秦尼、秦斯坦、賽里斯、摩訶震旦……）便反映這種撲朔迷離、捉摸不定的狀況。chiculture


河北石家莊東垣 古城掘出薩珊銀幣

留言

張貼留言

這個網誌中的熱門文章

CMOS sensor trends and astrophotography, from amateur astronomers perspective

Nowadays, even in low light conditions, digital camera can quality pictures with higher ISO, noise and hot pixels have been gradually reduced. Sony has introduced back illumination process for consumer market. Sony BSI sensors evolved  from Exmor to now Exmor RS( stacked) technology. This stacked technology allows further chip size reduction, which has strong demands in smartphone camera market. Digital astrophotography is also benefited from such advances, utilising Back Side Illumination technology Exmor: Within the CMOS sensor, it outputs low-noise digital signals by "on-chip column AD conversion" and "dual noise reduction" to suppress noise in the first half of the process In low light conditions, when a wide aperture is desirable to collect as much light as possible. At apertures wider than f/2.0, back-illuminated Exmor R sensors are significantly more efficient at collecting light than conventional, front-illuminated sensor...
張貼留言
閱讀完整內容

ultrafast rendezvous to ISS

    14 Oct 2020,  being the first to use a new “ultrafast” rendezvous” scheme with the ISS. Following a flawless ascent to the correct orbit, Soyuz 2 .1a , Soyuz MS-17 caught up with the orbiting laboratory in only two orbits (three hours), halving the time it takes for crew to get to the Station.   The three space travelers of the Soyuz MS-17 mission launched on a six-month mission the International Space Station.  previous 3/4 orbit rendezvous: Soyuz MS-16 4 orbit rendezvous A three-orbit profile was deemed possible without major flight design changes after inauguration of the Soyuz 2-1A rocket that provides a much higher orbit injection accuracy than its predecessors and would allow the two correction maneuvers on Orbit #2 to be eliminated while the Automated Rendezvous Phase would still remain untouched. The deletion of the Orbit #2 maneuvers was expected to slightly tighten the already restrictive phase angle window from and upper limit of 30-35° to 25-28°...
張貼留言
閱讀完整內容

Scythians 斯泰基 塞種 西古提人

900 BC - 200 AD British museum   Tomb of scythe prince, Buktarma valley, 1200 masl, Google map Herodotus   絲路上的帝國 Biblegeography   哥羅西書 3：11  在此並不分希利尼人、猶太人、受割禮的、未受割禮的、化外人、 西古提人 、為奴的、自主的．惟有基督是包括一切、又住在各人之內。 塞種 塞迦  saka 史記漢書 西域傳： 塞種  ctext 昔匈奴破大月氏，大月氏西君大夏，而塞王南君罽賓。塞種分散，往往為數國。自疏勒以西北，休循、捐毒之屬，皆故 塞種 也。 匈奴列傳 Ctext ：塞王 《史記》在《大宛列傳》與《匈奴列傳》中， 詳細 記錄了中亞至天山一帶的塞種（塞王、塞地）狀況。例如，文中記載了月氏西破走塞王，導致塞人南遷越過懸度（今帕米爾高原及克什米爾一帶） Baike Genetic history   Genetics  Nih griffin  ? Scytho-Siberian  world 塞迦 saka  wiki Disappeared? Sarmatians （ 薩爾馬泰 ， 奄蔡 史記 ,  Aorsi ）and goths YouTube  
張貼留言
閱讀完整內容