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silk road

 



Sogdian: 蘇特 / 粟特 iranian speaking. 


Unesco online forum series:

Black death:


Factsanddetails

FB:

"This city was built by the son of the (leader) of the people of Chach (Tashkent), Spadhni by name. He went here then was killed. & the people's representative ?, & the people's representative of the nomads (Alans?), & the lord of Samarkand,..."

Located in southern Kazakhstan, the Kangju (康居)site at Arys has been a focal point of archaeological investigations. 

Kangju wiki

《魏書·西域傳》

Chach :「者舌」或「柘折」,石國國都,指今塔什干

漢朝出使西域使節,從張騫副使直到(東漢)班超副使甘英,從大宛前進到條支(塞琉古 Seleucid Empire)花了一百多年開拓時間(公元前114—97年)。但東漢除使節外商人還不可能進到波斯灣,因安息國家極力壟斷絲綢西運,不允許中國商人直接將絲綢運到地中海諸國。當時只有中國才能生產的絲綢名聲在外,很受地中海沿岸國的歡迎。但這些寶貴商品,長期以來只靠游牧民族馱在馬背上通過北部草原商路,輾轉販運,量少價高,成為極昂貴商品。由於經過數不清的轉手仲介,蔥嶺以西的中亞、西亞,尤其是地中海諸國對生產絲綢的中國形成神秘的印象,長期分不清楚到底甚麼地方是真正的產地或轉運之地。對「中國」的稱呼游移不定(支那、秦尼、秦斯坦、賽里斯、摩訶震旦……)便反映這種撲朔迷離、捉摸不定的狀況。chiculture


河北石家莊東垣 古城掘出薩珊銀幣

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