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silk road

 



Sogdian： 蘇特 / 粟特 iranian speaking. 


Unesco online forum series:

Black death:


Factsanddetails

FB：

"This city was built by the son of the (leader) of the people of Chach (Tashkent), Spadhni by name. He went here then was killed. & the people's representative ?, & the people's representative of the nomads (Alans?), & the lord of Samarkand,..."

Located in southern Kazakhstan, the Kangju (康居）site at Arys has been a focal point of archaeological investigations. 

Kangju wiki

《魏書·西域傳》

Chach :「者舌」或「柘折」，石國國都，指今塔什干

漢朝出使西域使節，從張騫副使直到（東漢）班超副使甘英，從大宛前進到條支（塞琉古 Seleucid Empire）花了一百多年開拓時間（公元前114—97年）。但東漢除使節外商人還不可能進到波斯灣，因安息國家極力壟斷絲綢西運，不允許中國商人直接將絲綢運到地中海諸國。當時只有中國才能生產的絲綢名聲在外，很受地中海沿岸國的歡迎。但這些寶貴商品，長期以來只靠游牧民族馱在馬背上通過北部草原商路，輾轉販運，量少價高，成為極昂貴商品。由於經過數不清的轉手仲介，蔥嶺以西的中亞、西亞，尤其是地中海諸國對生產絲綢的中國形成神秘的印象，長期分不清楚到底甚麼地方是真正的產地或轉運之地。對「中國」的稱呼游移不定（支那、秦尼、秦斯坦、賽里斯、摩訶震旦……）便反映這種撲朔迷離、捉摸不定的狀況。chiculture


河北石家莊東垣 古城掘出薩珊銀幣

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