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古中國土星觀測及曆表

 基於 中國國家天文 古代中國土星觀測


唐代僧一行在《大衍历》中进一步提出“五星盈缩历表”,通过数学模型提高计算精度。这里的所谓“盈”就是加速,“缩”就是减速。


“五星盈缩历表”可以理解为在之前“五星入气加减法”的基础上进行再设计的精密数学模型,这也依赖于当时天文观测仪器的进步。其核心是将行星轨道划分为若干区间,标注各区间内行星的平均日行度与盈缩差。然后是修正参数:通过“损益率”(增减速度的比例)和“躔差”(位置偏差)等参数,动态调整行星的实际位置计算。btw, 現今的通勝也繼續沿用此類計算表,但筆者沒提及當中不同時代的演進史。

(隋朝张胄玄造大業曆,始立五星入气加减法,及日应食不食术)


會合周期 Synodic period:

在《五星占》的那个时代,1度是被分为240分,因此,“日行八分”就是“三十分之一度(中国古度,合0.9856º)”,约为0.03285º,而今测值约为0.03346º。二者相差无几。
(照估計,“分”是用來作記錄,計算,而非現今觀測儀器中角度的刻度)

Conceptually wrong/misleading here.
古藉 五星占 中 “一終” refers to 會合周期 (synodic period), 但“日行八分”is talking about 恆星周期(sidereal period)

These accuracy advances contributed to good record keeping, and good observation skills. 

幾千年的完整觀測紀錄 > 歸納整理 > 找出“逆行周期”或 " 兩次“晨始見”的時間 (opposition period) 

What type of  instruments( before invention of telescope) used are not mentioned 儀象考成

恆星周期:
Present day 1/sidereal period= 1/10755.7=0.0335 degree.

But the writer did not elucidate how “日行八分” is derived. And how to find sidereal period from synodic period, or vice versa.

Sidereal vs synodic period 

Formula( simple circular orbit) :


Sidereal and synodic period Blogspot 

問題:
李淳風乙巳占第四,五星占
填星:率五十萬六千六百三十八七分半,伏十八日,一終三百七十八日。率是甚麼?

是否:
率 的數值 由“分”轉換為“古度”
率 / 伏 = 一終 (會合周期)???

元 授時曆 卷055  土星, 步五星第七

何勃亮網站

Nasa factsheet

Triangles in the sky - Almagest 

Another synodic vs sidereal YouTube 

此文章仍脫離不了“歌頌”,“吹噓” 擁有五千年中華文化(科技)古中國,是怎樣領先於西方,是怎樣的偉大。但科普方面,沒講解 sidereal period, synodal period(位置天文學 positional astronomy)是如何推算出來,到底此文章是甚麼目的?

可惜古中天文學發展 沒能擺脫 地心學說 而 進到  日心學說

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