PL-10: Infrared guided sidewinder:
In the late 1990s, Beijing kicked off the transformation with the PL-10, a high-off-boresight, infrared-guided short-range missile rivalling the US AIM-9X Sidewinder and Russia’s R-73 Archer.
PL-12: Medium range AESA active radar guided missile:
The follow-on PL-12 added a medium-range active radar-guided punch akin to the AIM-120 AMRAAM, gradually giving the PLAAF confidence that it could match or exceed Russian and Western benchmarks.
PL-15: AESA ramjet
In recent years, the PL-15 — reportedly featuring an AESA radar seeker and solid fuel ramjet propulsion — extended Beijing’s aerial reach further, threatening front-line fighters and support aircraft alike at ranges believed to exceed 200 km.
PL-17: 400km range PL-15
The PL-17 upped the ante, with a reported operational range of 400 km, explicitly designed to push back the ‘safe zones’ where American tankers and AWACS typically orbit in support of fighter patrols.
空警-3000
空警-3000，据信搭载了划时代的共形天线技术和氮化镓（GaN）材料T/R组件，探测距离据称突破600公里。其独特的双面旋转阵列设计（结合机械与电子扫描），能在数秒内完成360度无死角覆盖。它将是引导霹雳-XX猎杀远方目标的“超级大脑”。
“A射B导”Pro Max版： 空警-3000凭借其超远探测距离，能在敌方预警机感知范围外，发现并锁定诸如B-1B、E-3预警机等高价值目标。它将目标信息及中段制导指令，通过高速数据链传递给携带霹雳-XX的隐身战机（如歼-20、歼-35）或前沿部署的战机（如歼-15T）。战机在安全空域发射导弹后，由预警机或后方平台接力完成中段指令修正，直至导弹自身导引头在末段捕获目标。这就是超远程空空导弹作战的核心——“A射B导”。霹雳-XX + 空警-3000的组合，将这一模式推向了前所未有的高度和距离。
PL-XX: 800 km range PL-17
But the PL-XX, if it reaches400km range the reported 800 km bracket, would mark an exponential leap — effectively blurring the line between traditional air-to-air roles and what Western experts now call ‘counter-A2/AD’ kill chains targeting enabling forces far behind the front line.
Such a capability would complement China’s broader anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) strategy, which already hinges on long-range anti-ship ballistic missiles, carrier-killer DF-21D and DF-26 variants, and increasingly advanced integrated air defence systems like the HQ-9B.
Critically, platforms like the J-20 Mighty Dragon — now flying with increasing frequency around Taiwan and into the East China Sea ADIZ — would become even more dangerous if armed with a hypersonic PL-XX, allowing them to launch standoff strikes from beyond the engagement range of most US and allied fighters.
This development dovetails with Beijing’s growing ambition to assert air dominance in disputed spaces like the South China Sea, East China Sea, and near Taiwan, where the PLA’s expanding kill web is designed to complicate any US intervention.
For Washington and its Indo-Pacific allies — Japan, Australia, South Korea, and increasingly the Philippines — the PL-XX threat reinforces the need to rethink everything from force posture to tanker routes and sensor coverage.
Already, the US is fast-tracking its own next-gen air-to-air missile, the AIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile (JATM), intended to outrange the PL-15 and compete with emerging Chinese systems.
in Southeast Asia, nations like Singapore and the Philippines are watching closely, knowing that a credible Chinese ability to snipe airborne tankers and radar aircraft at 800 km would ripple through their own air planning.
Yet, real challenges remain for Beijing too.
Pushing an air-to-air missile to reliable hypersonic speeds with dual-mode seekers that can survive the intense heat and stress of Mach 5+ flight is no trivial feat.
Equally, maintaining an unbroken kill chain that tracks a fast-moving target over 800 km, relays mid-course updates, and guides a missile to impact demands an extremely robust network of satellites, sensors, and AEW&C — ironically, the very assets that a peer adversary like the US would seek to disable first in any major conflict.
“霹雳-XX”的核心技术突破可谓是军工领域的一次飞跃，每一项突破都标志着军事科技的巅峰。导弹的气动设计采用了乘波体布局，使其能够在60至70公里的高空临近空间中进行“水漂式”滑行，极大地减少了空气阻力。配合超燃冲压发动机，导弹能在稀薄的大气层中持续维持9马赫的极速，轻松覆盖800公里之外的目标，进入致命打击范围。最为惊艳的是其斜爆轰发动机技术，利用普通航空煤油驱动，但燃烧效率却达到传统发动机的1000倍，燃烧室的体积缩小了85%。这种技术的突破使得7米长的庞大导弹可以轻松装载在歼-36的双层弹舱内，实现在敌人防线中的隐蔽突破。
在面对9马赫飞行过程中产生的1200℃高温时，中国工程师们没有退缩，而是通过两项前所未有的黑科技来攻克难题：一是“范纳米”微纳复合材料，这种陶瓷和金属的纳米级复合层具有优异的耐高温性能，并且能够有效透过波长等离子体天线，成功解决了“黑障”通信问题，使得导弹在俯冲阶段仍能精准修正轨迹，误差仅在毫米级别。
J-36
81cn KJ-3000
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