副熱帶高壓 (副高) subtropical high 及梅雨槽

副熱帶高氣壓簡稱副高，是位於副熱帶地區的暖性高壓系統。它對中、高緯度地區和低緯度地區之間的水汽、熱量、能量的輸送和平衡起著重要的作用，是大氣環流的一個重要系統。由赤道低氣壓帶上升的氣流，由於氣溫隨高度而降低，空氣漸重，在距地面4-8公里處大量聚集，轉向南北方向擴散運動，同時還受重力影響，故氣流邊前進，邊下沉，各在南北緯30°附近沉到近地面，使低空空氣增多，氣壓升高，形成了南北兩個副熱帶高氣壓帶，它是因為空氣聚積，由動力原因形成的，屬暖性高壓。

比較近幾十年太平洋高壓於夏季(6月至8月)的強度變化(如圖2)，可發現早期在1950至1970年代最西只到達東經135度左右，但近年來太平洋高壓有越來越往西延伸的趨勢，西伸的位置已覆蓋至臺灣上空，近10年西伸位置甚至接近中國華南，副高強度增強使得近年來夏季平均溫度偏高，極端高溫日數也有偏多的趨勢。

500hPa on hko @ 5600m

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