polyethylene glycol
is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.
PEGs are also used in everyday products such as toothpaste and shampoo as thickeners, solvents, softeners, and moisture carriers, and they’ve been used as a laxative for decades. An increasing number of biopharmaceuticals include PEGylated compounds as well
vaccine, COVID-19, allergic reaction
The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) has updated their guidelines regarding the risk of allergic reactions following administration of the COVID-19 vaccine now include information on screenings, observation periods, and the option of forgoing the second dose following a documented allergic reaction from the first dose.
The ACAAI’s COVID-19 Vaccine Task Force has monitored real-time data from sources reporting allergic reactions following the COVID-19 vaccine to reflect the most recent recommendations from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
New Guidance
The new guidelines call for patients to be screened to determine the possible risk of an allergic reaction to any of the 3 vaccines and be referred to a board-certified allergist or immunologist for further evaluation if the individual has a history of severe allergic reactions.
In accordance with CDC guidance, anyone individual who had a severe or immediate allergic reaction of any severity within 4 hours of receiving the first COVID-19 dose should not get the second dose.
In addition, patients who experienced a severe or immediate allergic reaction of any severity, including hives, swelling, or wheezing, or who have questions related to the risk of an allergic reaction should be referred to a local board-certified allergist/immunologist to provide more care or advice.
In general, the vaccines should be administered in a health care setting where anaphylaxis could be treated and all recipients should be observed for 15-30 minutes following an injection. The majority of reported anaphylaxis (過敏性休克) cases have occurred within 15 minutes of administration.
Finally, neither the mRNA or adenovirus vector vaccines should be administered to individuals with a known history of severe allergic reactions to any component of a particular vaccine.
Allergic Reactions
While the specific component that causes anaphylaxis has yet to be identified, polyethylene glycol (PEG), a component in the 2 mRNA vaccines has been known to cause anaphylaxis. In addition, polysorbate 80, an ingredient in the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, could cause anaphylaxis and cross-react with PEG.
Patients with allergic reactions to PEG should not be administered the mRNA vaccines, but consideration could be given to vaccination with adenovirus vector vaccines.
Currently the CDC recommends the adenovirus vector vaccines as a replacement for the second dose of an mRNA vaccine for patients who had a reaction to the first dose, waiting at least 28 days between doses.
According to CDC guidance, polysorbate allergies are no longer a contraindication to mRNA vaccination, but it is a precaution and because of potential cross-reactive hypersensitivity between ingredients in mRNA and adenovirus vector vaccines, consultation should be considered. Also, for patients with a polysorbate allergy, there should be a minimum of a 30 minute observation period following an mRNA vaccine.
北京晚報3月14日引述北京市疾病預防控制中心消息，指新冠疫苗說明書中的禁忌包括：既往發生過疫苗接種嚴重過敏反應（如急性過敏反應、血管神經性水腫、呼吸困難等）不得接種。因此要考慮過敏體質的嚴重程度，並按照臨床醫師的醫囑執行。
Polyethylene glycols (PEG) are ingredients in the lipid formulation in some of the COVID-19 vaccines.
two mRNA (Pfizer and Moderna) COVID-19 vaccines use PEG
AstraZeneca (COVISHIELD) and the Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) vaccines do not contain PEG.
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