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肝素 heparin

肝素首先從肝臟發現而得名,天然存在於肥大細胞,現在主要從牛肺或豬小腸黏膜提取。

肝素是一種由葡萄糖胺,L-艾杜糖醛苷、N-乙醯葡萄糖胺和D-葡萄糖醛酸交替組成的黏多糖硫酸脂。

1、抗凝血:

(1)增強抗凝血酶3與凝血酶的親和力,加速凝血酶的失活;

(2)抑制血小板的粘附聚集;

(3)增強蛋白c的活性,刺激血管內皮細胞釋放抗凝物質和纖溶物質。

2、抑制血小板,增加血管壁的通透性,並可調控血管新生。

3、具有調血脂的作用。

4、可作用於補體系統的多個環節,以抑制系統過度激活。與此相關,肝素還具有抗炎、抗過敏的作用。

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