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 1/4 teaspoon of 10% phosphoric acid  for 19 litres. calculated from bate: pH 4.16 For 1 drop = 0.05ml, it means roughly 25 drops Step 1. Convert mass ( or volume) and concentration ( % w/w) to mole per litre ( mol/L) Step 2. Use BATE or other app to calculate pH If aiming for pH 5.6, conc will be 2.5 e-6, or 1/100 tsp , 0.044 ml, roughly 1 drop my excel For 2L,  for pH4.16, then it means ~2.6 drop for pH5.6, then it means ~0.1 drop . Better still,  using pH value to calculate mol/L Using the calculated mol/L to find required vilume ( or mass) or acid required  For pH4, or  more diluted acids, molarity=10^(-1*pH) Molarity= moles/ L

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By dilution, eg using 85% conc(w/w) phosphoric acud From Steffen's density table (short version): Molar mass of phosphoric acid is 98 Molarity1 * volume 1 = molarity2 * volume 2 (mole concept ) Density1*conc1* vol1= density 2*conc2*vol2 ( mass concept) Density * conc(%)/ molar mass = molarity(no. Of moles per litre ) Some worked example: From my excel Normality: The normality of a solution is the molarity multiplied by the number of equivalents per mole. eg 3N of KCL solution = 3g of KCL solids / 1 litre of solution  But for H 3 PO4 phosphoric acid, number of equivalents per mole is 3 So normality of H 3 PO4 phosphoric acid = 14.68*3= 44 Reference : Sigma aldrich calculator  ( conc in molar or normal) aqion de calculator. DO NOT download!!! Has reputation virus Chembuddy Homebrewtalk  Silver_is_money is correct , who likes to think in gram instead of mole

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At distance of 63 earth radii  During the lander’s lunar transit, LuGRE tracked signals in the L1/E1 and L5/E5 frequency bands. The farthest signal detected came from the Galileo constellation at 67.79 Earth radii (approximately 432,384 km from the receiver). The experiment demonstrated GNSS functionality near the Moon, where the lander orbited approximately 1.66 km/s1. Despite the challenges of distance and velocity, the receiver achieved position accuracy within 1.5 km and velocity accuracy within 2 m/s. It successfully acquired signals from four GPS satellites (L1 and L5 frequencies) and one Galileo satellite (E1-E5 bands) during a one-hour observation window. Post-landing, LuGRE will attempt to receive GNSS signals on the lunar surface for 14 days. Rough calculation, the max angle of 2 GPS satellites is only ~7 degrees apart, as seen from the moon .( 20,000 km above earth surface or 3 earth radius) GPSWorld UNOOSA NASA NTRS NASA LNSS

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 5/3 Grain Bill 400g 2-Row Brewer’s Malt  72g. Munich Malt >> vienna malt used instead 36g Crystal 20L Malt 510g total Grain to water =1: 3.33, ie 1.7L 0.4g gypsum 0.4g cacl2 10% Phosphoric acid: In his book Modern Homebrew Recipes he says the 1/4 tsp of 10% phosphoric acid will bring 5 gallon RO water to 5.2-5.3 pH 1 tsp = 4.9ml Convert 19L to 4L: .25tsp / 19L*4L=.05tsp=,0.05*4.9ml=0.26ml Or (0.05 ml/drop) 10 drops. ( is it 6 drops)? During 66 deg c mashing, 60 min Ph5.0+ to 5.4- , by litmus paper  Mashing out ( halt enzyme) 75 deg c @15 min Wort Boil for 60 min Ph measure to be 6.4 ( Should it be 5.x?) my previous blog Hop adding schedule: 1st  1.2g @ start boil 2.3g @40 min into boil 2.3g @50 min into boil. pH measured again. 6.4 4.6g @60 min ie end of boil O.G. 1.060 1.065 by refractometer  1.6L final volume  Yeast: American ale  fermoale AY4 YL692 1.9g used(20% extra)

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