它是「古絲綢之路」以北保存最完整的，規模最宏大的一座古城遺址。黑水城，蒙古語稱為哈拉浩特，又稱黑城。
亦集乃，又譯亦即納，西夏黨項語意為「黑水」，又名黑水城。
黑城遺址位於內蒙古額濟納旗達來呼布鎮東南25公里處
co-ordinates on Google maps
41.764897,101.1452143,536
據史料記載，明初洪武五年，將軍馮盛西征將黑水城圍困。黑城是元朝時期的最後一個城池，由於城堅池深再加上城內補給充足所以久攻不下，後來明軍在黑城西南方向將黑城的唯一水源截斷，黑將軍在城內挖井但均未挖出水源，所以決定在城北挖洞突圍。後黑城被攻陷，明軍進城大肆屠殺搶掠，之後黑水城就變成了一座死城，在茫茫荒漠裡顧忌了數百年，直到19世紀末俄國探險者的闖入，是這座神秘古城重新聞名天下。
In The Travels of Marco Polo, Marco Polo describes a visit to a city called Etzina or Edzina,which has been identified with Khara-Khoto
When you leave the city of Campichu you ride for twelve days, and then reach a city called Etzina, which is towards the north on the verge of the Sandy Desert; it belongs to the Province of Tangut. The people are Idolaters, and possess plenty of camels and cattle, and the country produces a number of good falcons, both Sakers and Lanners. The inhabitants live by their cultivation and their cattle, for they have no trade. At this city you must needs lay in victuals for forty days, because when you quit Etzina, you enter on a desert which extends forty days' journey to the north, and on which you meet with no habitation nor baiting-place.
— Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, translated by Henry Yule, 1920
1372 ,洪武五年 古河道平涸， 重新復流
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