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生肖(十二動物) 的由來

唐 代陶十二生肖俑


 

 


印度的十二生肖 (十二藥叉大將)(Bhaiṣajya guru vaidūrya prabha rāja Sūtra )與中國的十二生肖非常相似,分別為鼠、 牛、獅、兔、龍、蛇、馬、羊、猴、金翅鳥、狗、豬。

印度佛教經籍《阿娑縛抄》(大集經  卷二十三)中有諸神將各駕馭一動物的記載~~ 招杜羅神的鼠、毗羯羅神的牛、宮毗羅神的獅、伐折羅神的兔、迷立羅神的龍、安底羅神的蛇、安彌羅神的馬、珊底羅神的羊、因達羅神的猴、波夷羅神的金翅鳥、摩虎羅神的狗、和真達羅神的豬。這也說明佛佗時代(公元前5世紀)前,印度已存在成熟的十二生肖文化。(TBC)

南方三神獸,住南海琉璃山,山名潮;其中,毒蛇住種種色窟,住無死窟,住善住窟;供養神女為樹神「無勝」和羅剎女「菩行」。

西方三神獸,住西海玻璃山,其中,獼猴住上色窟,住誓願窟,住法床窟;供養神女為火神和羅剎女「眼見」。

北方三神獸,住北海銀山,山名菩提月;其中,住金剛窟,住香功德窟,住高功德窟;供養神女為風神「動風」和羅剎女「天護」。

東方三神獸,住東海金山,山名功德相;其中,獅子住明星窟,住淨道窟,住喜樂窟;供養神女為水神「水天」和羅剎女「修慚愧」。

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E8%82%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4

Asabasho 阿娑縛抄 The A-SA-BA Compendium of Rituals; a comprehensive manual of rituals in the tradition of Tendai esotericism compiled by Ogawa Shocho 小川承澄

https://web.archive.org/web/20120524083513/http://www12.canvas.ne.jp/horai/glo-1.htm

onmarkproductions

中國文化46謎. 施宣圓 

睡虎地秦簡(秦昭襄王二十八年(前279年)):

《日書》
《日書》

<日書 盗者篇> 十二時辰/日(地支紀時/日)而不是十二年(地支紀年)

東漢 王充 《論衡·物勢》祗有十一動物, 龍(辰)的描述出現在《言毒》篇. 物勢是關於五行的相生相克, 再用每一地支禽去演繹/強化五行的關係。

十二生肖通常是我們中國人自己身份另一種歸類。其實自己的屬相是與中國古代的天干地支紀年是一致的。有十天干和十二地支。十二生肖十二生肖(twelve symbolic animals)是中國人的出生年份與十二地支相配形成的,它們分別對應十二種動物

劃分周天的十二個符號不斷演變,並與人們更爲熟悉的十二種動物形象相聯繫,最終演變爲現在的子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥的十二地支表示體系。

東漢王充所著《論衡·物勢篇》中,對十二地支與(十二)十一種動物(十二辰之禽)的對應關係進行了描述,是對十二生肖的較早闡述,且與今天的十二生肖表述非常接近(完全一致)。由此可見,我國的生肖文化在東漢時期就已經發展成型


 

 wenxuecity  亞洲其他地方的生肖. 

Travels of Marco Polo:
You must know, too, that the Tartars reckon their years by twelves; the sign of the first year being the Lion, of the second the Ox, of the third the Dragon, of the fourth the Dog, and so forth up to the twelfth;[2] so that when one is asked the year of his birth he answers that it was in the year of the Lion (let us say), on such a day or night, at such an hour, and such a moment.

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