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楊世杰



中科院院士崔向群说,“1956年,杨世杰设计试制了我国第一台13cm施密特望远镜。”这台“天眼”上的镜片由杨世杰手工磨制成。




  “用于科学观测的天文望远镜镜面非常复杂,不仅要能聚焦,还要求精确度为纳米级。人的手轻轻按在镜面上,手指的温度就会让镜面变形。”刘炎说,天文望远镜磨镜的要求,一般人难以想象。施密特望远镜是折反式望远镜,需要配备一个S形的复杂镜片,现在普通的光学厂也很难磨制出这样的望远镜镜片,但杨世杰在紫台工作的第二年,就设计试制成功了我国第一台13cm施密特望远镜,非常了不起,“那时候没有任何仪器,完全靠手工。要先设计演算,然后一点点打磨,达到效果。可以说,那时他的技术水准就已经达到了大师级。”
  在1966年,经中科院院长郭沫若批准,三十出头的杨世杰被破格提拔为副总工程师。
  为了研制更好的天文望远镜镜面材料,杨世杰大胆尝试研制陶瓷材料。
  中科院院士熊大闰告诉记者,最开始,天文望远镜的镜片用石英磨制,因为它的膨胀率接近零。但是1公斤石英要1万块钱,在上世纪60年代是天价。杨世杰发现,陶瓷膨胀率也接近零,于是大胆试验。杨世杰带领骨干刻苦钻研,历经10年,终于使60cm陶瓷抛物面镜取得成功,于1978年获得全国科学大会奖和中科院重大科技成果奖。
  熊大闰说,只是,陶瓷镜面没有被推广,而后来又有更先进的微晶玻璃新材料,所以,大众没见过陶瓷镜面的“天眼”。

二十世紀中國學術大典天文學 p151

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