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From David Ogawa: Landing Accuracy Explained The booster contains high precision GPS, gyroscopes, and accelerometers at both top and bottom ends to precisely interpolate the booster orientation, position, and velocity. The booster also contains a huge number of strain gauges that monitor forces on the structure at crucial locations, especially engine thrust. (Strain gauges are exquisitely sensitive thin films that are bonded to surfaces to electrically measure the stretching and compression of structures.) All of these data inputs are timestamped so the three-way redundant computers can calculate where the booster was microseconds ago. By comparing the past position and vector to the desired course, the latest navigation error is calculated. The computers run many physics equations on graphics cards. These are used to optimize the flight path, calculate errors, and control thrust vectoring, grid fin positions, and cold gas thruster durations. The booster h...

“We’re moving into a new era,” Jim Bridenstine said 19 Dec 2019. “We are going to launch American astronauts, on American rockets, from American soil for the first time since the retirement of the space shuttles.”  animation and objectives Boeing Starliner made a smooth launch on 20 Dec, 2019. But failed to reach ISS. It was found due to Mission Elapsed Timer error. The spacecraft’s mission elapsed timer, which is set by communicating with its Atlas 5 rocket prior to liftoff, was off by 11 hours. That caused the spacecraft to think it was on the wrong phase (ISS Station proximity ops) of its mission after separation from the rocket’s upper stage, triggering thruster firings that used excessive amounts of fuel until ground controllers could take over and turn off the thrusters. After being released by the rocket(MECO), Starliner was supposed to use its Orbital Maneuvering and Attitude Control engines to provide the thrust needed to reach a stable orbit(1) and begin ...